Pakistan's big crop.....Wheat

Wheat is an important grain crop in many countries, where it is consumed as a staple food. It is an accepted fact that nothing is more important than the needs of the people. Sustainability and reliability in food production are critical to sustainable crop production. In wheat production, the provision of water and energy is important and will continue to build an important foundation for ensuring agricultural sustainability and the reliability of food production. However, water and energy conservation are two important factors that researchers reduce the cost of these two substances in such a way that the product will not be disrupted. In the 1980s, Pakistan experienced a golden age of water management in the construction of a canal system, which was built simultaneously; however, the effects of various droughts have limited the potential of the program. The country is likely to be the epicenter of a catastrophic flood that lasted for nearly three years from 1999 to 2002. Lack of water resulted in excessive water consumption by pumping out the water, consuming too much energy, and the country was already experiencing a crisis with this commodity (Pakistan, 2008-09).

In addition, it is reported that agricultural water availability is expected to decrease from 72 percent to 62 percent in the period from 1995 to 2020, and globally, a decrease from 87 percent to 73 percent in developing countries is also estimated . Because Pakistan is an agricultural country, agricultural water shortages will have a negative impact on its economy because agriculture directly supports its GDP, and more than 40 percent of workers are directly or indirectly involved in this sector (Pakistan, 2008-09). In Pakistan, traditional crops, such as wheat, are grown in a flat pit directly filled with irrigation water. There is a great deal of water loss with this type of irrigation. Water evaporation and deep pollen loss also cause severe shortages in plants associated with excessive groundwater consumption, encouraging the search for alternative water use methods for plants, for example, raised bed technology (RB), to meet water needs.

There is a great challenge for agricultural farmers to meet the nutritional needs of nine billion people by the middle of the 21st century. Producing large quantities of small amounts of water in arid and semi-arid areas is a challenge for modern agriculture . Water shortages and shortages cause land degradation due to rain-fed agriculture and declining food production, especially in African agricultural and agricultural areas. About 80 percent of the world's agriculture consists of rain-fed land, producing 80 percent of the world's food.

In North Africa and West Asia, 95 percent of the land is supplied by rain, and about 40 percent of the land in Uzbekistan is used due to water shortages, creating plundered fields. Wheat is an important crop in Pakistan because of its widespread use as food. In Pakistan, 6.35 million hectares of land are irrigated, 12.53 million hectares are planted with piped resources, and of the remaining 3.59 million hectares, there is no water, with 22.45 million hectares (GOP, 2012). Water scarcity leads to a slowdown in water scarcity, which in turn leads to reduced wheat yields. The fearless and widespread rainfall in Pakistan's arid regions exacerbates the situation. Losses from very low yields or even total losses under high water pressure on wheat crops are well documented. Rainwater harvesting and harvesting has been used successfully in many arid regions, using flowing water from the reservoir and bringing it to collection acreages. Rainwater performance can be enhanced by appropriate water harvesting techniques, such as micro-watersheds. Using this method can increase the amount of water per unit area of ​​the plant and can also increase productivity