Pakistan's Crop Sugarcane

Sugarcane is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with high economic value. According to the 2014 average, sugarcane was grown on 27 million hectares in more than 100 countries worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2015). Globally, Brazil ranks first in sugarcane production, with 39 percent of the world's total sugar production, followed by India with 19 percent in total, followed by China, Thailand and Pakistan with 7, 5 and 4% production respectively. (FAOSTAT, 2015). To date, in the sugar industry, sugar is commonly used for sucrose content, which is used elsewhere in the industry as a beverage, and the residual biomass (bagasse) after sucrose extract is consumed as fuel to give off steam and electricity to sugar mills. However, there has been a growing awareness of intermediate products, such as sugarcane, molasses, bagasse and cake filter, which are used today in many industries, and many refined products, e.g., bioethanol and electricity, as well as chemicals, including various polymers (Dias). et al., 2013).

India has secured its position as the largest producer, buyer and seller of sugarcane products. Its production has received a lot of attention from the public and the government because of its abundance. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is believed to be the most important traditional and commercial plant of industry worldwide due to its strategic and commercial system in almost every industry. The value of the sugarcane sector has been increasing in recent years due to its economic impact on sustainable energy production. The sugarcane industry provides the raw material of the second textile industry, and is the basis of all major sweets produced in the country. In addition, unprocessed sugarcane is consumed as a human food and animal feed in Brazil, India and Cuba, and these countries are the world's leading producers of sugarcane, making up the majority of the world's sugarcane production (Girei and Giroh, 2012).

In rural areas, sugarcane cultivation remains an important part of social and economic development because it generates high incomes and provides employment opportunities for more than half a million people worldwide. Sugarcane production and forecasting both have both direct and indirect effects on the national and international economy, and sugarcane plays an important role in food management (Hayes and Decker, 1996). Assessing its reduced production, caused by natural disasters, such as pest infestation or drought, may be important in those countries where the economy is entirely dependent on sugarcane production. Similarly, early detection and management of crop-related problems can help increase yields and subsequent profitability.

Preliminary predictions about crop harvesting could be beneficial globally and regionally, providing important information to policy makers. This knowledge can also help farmers at the field level to make quick decisions about future situations, for example, to select other crops or to stop the crop from growing or early growing. Barnett and Thompson (1982) used specific weather data based on weather and temperature to predict wheat yield. Similarly, Parthasarathy et al. (1988) developed other statistics to predict yield using retrospective models. At the same time, Deressa et al. (2005) used the Richardian shortcut model using a retrospective model and proved that climate change has a strong correlation with sugarcane production. In that study, climatic variables such as low temperature and magnitude were not considered. In another study, it was reported that high fertilizer application had a significant impact on climate change and environmental degradation (Ranuzzi and Srivastava, 2012). In precision agriculture, the principles of artificial intelligence and soft computer techniques used for environmental analysis and crop management (Drummond et al., 2003, Huang et al., 2010); in particular, ANN analysis has been used in agriculture to accurately calculate data related to environmental analysis and crop management (Drummond et al., 2003, Irmak et al., 2006).

In another study, the sugarcane crop alone and in exchange for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kufri Bahar) was increased, and revenue was also important for hybridization programs (Imam et al., 1990). Pest and insect control, such as diseases, pests and weeds, in the sugarcane cycle has also been taught (Berry et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2011; Li et al., 2009); however, so far there has been a lack of data examining the interspecific competition in the sugarcane classification system. One important factor in crop production systems is competition, which plays a direct role in determining crop yields (Caballero et al., 1995, Li et al., 2011). Vandermeer (1990) has argued that when intra-species competition in a hybrid system is greater than species competition, an increase in yield can be seen in these planting systems.

A few major benefits can be found in crop crops that increase yields and land efficiency (Ghosh, 2004), as well as efficiency in the use of natural resources, such as water, light and nutrients (Harris et al., 1987, Xu et al., 2008). It can also add to the control of pests and diseases (Chen et al., 2011). In addition, grain sowing systems have emerged as popular planting systems around the world.